Ellipsis, Substitution & Fronting

**Ellipsis** = leaving out words that are understood: - "Are you coming?" "I might (come)." — verb omitted - She wanted to complain but didn't (complain). - "Which train?" "(It's) The one to Sydney." **Substitution** = replacing words to avoid repetition: - **do/does/did:** "She sings better than he **does**." - **so/not:** "Will it rain?" "I think **so**." / "I hope **not**." - **one/ones:** "I like the red **one**, not the blue **one**." **Fronting** = moving elements to the front for emphasis: - **Object fronting:** "This book **I have read** three times." (normal: I have read this book) - **Complement fronting:** "Brilliant **was** the performance." (literary) - **Adverbial fronting:** "Into the room **walked** the headmaster." - **Negative fronting** (with inversion): "Never again **would** she trust him." **So/Neither inversion:** - "I love pasta." "**So do** I." - "She hasn't been to Goa." "**Neither have** I."