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B1 Grammar
Conjunctions: Connecting Ideas
**Coordinating** (join equal parts): and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor (FANBOYS)
- I like tea **and** coffee.
- She studied hard **but** failed the exam.
- It was raining, **so** we stayed home.
**Subordinating** (one part depends on the other):
- **because / since / as** → reason: I stayed home **because** it rained.
- **although / even though** → contrast: **Although** he was tired, he kept working.
- **if / unless** → condition: **If** you study, you will pass.
- **when / while / before / after** → time: Call me **when** you arrive.
**Linking adverbs** (join ideas between sentences — use ; or .):
- however, therefore, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore
- It was expensive**; however,** the quality was excellent.
Examples
Although London is polluted, millions of people love living there.
The train was late; therefore, we missed the meeting.
💡 Don't start too many sentences with "Because..." in formal writing. Instead, put the main clause first: "We stayed home because it rained."