Modal Verbs

Modal verbs come before the main verb (in base form). No -s, no -ing, no -ed! **Can** → ability, informal permission - I **can** speak three languages. - **Can** I sit here? **Could** → past ability, polite requests, possibility - I **could** swim when I was five. - **Could** you help me, please? **Must** → strong obligation (your own feeling), logical conclusion - I **must** study for the exam. (I feel it's necessary) - He **must** be at home. (I'm sure) **Have to** → external obligation (rules, laws) - You **have to** wear a helmet in many countries. (it's the law) **Should** → advice, recommendation - You **should** drink more water. **May / Might** → possibility (might = less sure) - It **may** rain today. (possible) - He **might** come to the party. (less certain)